Anders Richard Åkerman (1837-1922) First described from samples of slags from furnace iron production found at 3 furnace localities: Hofors, Löfsjöen and Mölnbo, Sweden (Vogt 1884). Named by the Norwegian geologist, professor Johan Herman Lie Vogt (1858-1932) in honor of Anders Richard Åkerman (1837-1922), Swedish metallurgist.
Figure 1 shows the characteristic band of the alkali-activated slag (AAS1). It obtains the main absorption bands of steel slag as follows: 707.73, 843.17, 970.46, 1430, and 3183.3 cm −1. The major bands observed between 843.17 and 970.46 cm −1 represent the asymmetric stretching vibrations of …
Ravikumar, D. and Neithalath, N. (2012) Effects of Activator Characteristics on the Reaction Product Formation in Slag Binders Activated using Alkali Silicate Powder and NaOH. Cement and Concrete Composites, 34, 809-818.
As in the case of slag A, ettringite formation tends to start at lower pH with the mixing ratio of slag G being higher, and the concentration of ettringite is highest near pH 12.4. The concentration of the formed ettringite is lower than in slag A; however, it is possible that this difference originates from the presence of a mineral phase and heat history, in addition to the compounds.
· Slag and its Role in Blast Furnace Ironmaking. Blast furnace (BF) is the oldest (more than 700 years old) of the various reactors which are being used in the steel plants. It is used for the production of liquid iron (hot metal). The blast furnace is a complex high temperature counter current reactor and is in the shape of a shaft in which iron ...
akermanite 3CaO·MgO·2SiO 2. The only crystalline compound in slow cooled slag which has cementitious properties is β-2CaO·SiO 2. Thus crystallized blast furnace slag has little or no value as a cementing component. Crushed BF slag for use as aggregate
@article{osti_5637591, title = {Ash and slag characterization}, author = {Schobert, H H}, abstractNote = {In the past year, the key accomplishments of this project have been progress toward elucidating the mechanism of formation of melilites during ashing and development of studies of coal ash slag …
· Akermanite and gehlenite-magnesium are the major crystal phases in the blends with M k ≤ 1.4 because of their high contents of magnesium slag and calcined dolomite (). With an increase in M k from 1.0 to 2.4 ( Table 3 ), the contents of akermanite and gehlenite-magnesium gradually decreased from over 40% to below 10% in B-150, respectively.
Ferrous slag was collected from several legacy sites in the Chicago-Gary area of Illinois and Indiana near Lake Michigan where slag had been stockpiled or used as fill. At most legacy sites, 30 to 50 fist-size individual samples were composited from various locations ...
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As BF slag increased, the growth of akermanite in glass ceramics was enhanced, while the formation of diopside was not notably effected. The micro-hardness of glass ceramics reached 1082 Hv and the flexural strength was 70 MPa when the BF slag was 74 wt. %.
akermanite 3CaO·MgO·2SiO 2. The only crystalline compound in slow cooled slag which has cementitious properties is β-2CaO·SiO 2. Thus crystallized blast furnace slag has little or no value as a cementing component. Crushed BF slag for use as aggregate
· Glass Formation and Crystallization via Melt-Quenched ProcessFigure 1 presents XRD patterns of the melt-quenched samples with various basicities and Cr 2 O 3 contents. As shown in Figure 1(a), a broad diffuse hump appeared at approximately 28 deg (2θ) when the Cr 2 O 3 content was less than 3 pct for B = 0.8 samples, indicating the formation of amorphous glasses during quenching in …
As in the case of slag A, ettringite formation tends to start at lower pH with the mixing ratio of slag G being higher, and the concentration of ettringite is highest near pH 12.4. The concentration of the formed ettringite is lower than in slag A; however, it is possible that this difference originates from the presence of a mineral phase and heat history, in addition to the compounds.
metal and slag; eg reaction 1 can be expressed by Equation 2 (where M indicates in metal) : 2Al +1.5 SiO2 (slag) = 3Si + Al2O3 (slag) (1) 2Al +1.5Si 4+ = 1.5 Si + 2 Al 3+ (2) These electro-chemical reactions are accompanied by
tion of the slag and solidification conditions in which it often gives rise to the formation of unbalanced states [3]. A ladle slag usually contains dicalcium silicate, merwinite, periklase, brownmillerite, akermanite, anor-thite, mellilite and other minerals, given in the
improved resistance to slag penetration into brick, but the susceptibility to oxidation is major weakness, leading to degradation of the MgO–C refractory.5) A. Watanabe et al.6–8) have studied the formation of a decarburized layer due to oxidation of graphite by
· In contrast to slag SS-M3, an effect of cooling conditions on glassy phase formation was observed in slag SS-M4, with 62.8 wt% glassy phase under water quenching (SS-M4c), 11.5 wt% by steel ball cooling (SS-M4b) and no glassy phase under natural cooling
· The slag is a mixture of low melting chemical compounds formed by the chemical reaction of the gangue of the iron bearing burden and coke ash with the flux materials in the charge. All unreduced compounds such as silicates, aluminosilicates, and calcium alumino silicate etc. also join the slag.
Formation of slag Slag formation starts with the dissolution of oxygen in iron melt and simultaneous oxidation of iron and minor bath constituents in the oxygen jet impact zone. As the bath temperature in the impact zone is very high, over 2000 C, iron can11). ...
· Boron oxide is frequently applied in modification of stainless steelmaking slag to mitigate the disintegration of slag. In this work, the effect of B2O3 on mineralogical phases and hexavalent chromium leaching behavior of synthetic CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–CrOx slag was investigated. Di-calcium silicate, merwinite, spinel, akermanite, and matrix phase were observed as main minerals in slags ...
Analysis of solid phase formation and ist impact on slag rheology Daniel Schwitalla, Arne Bronsch, Stefan Guhl, Bernd Meyer Institute of Energy Process Engineering & Chemical Engineering• Solids inside the slag cause steep increases in viscosity and
On the other hand, Rashad et al. observed the formation of åkermanite, merwinite and gehlenite in sulfate-activated slag samples after exposure to 800 C. The slag used here has a very low Mg content compared to the materials used in those studies, and so gehlenite forms in preference to these other Mg-rich phases during its partial devitrification.
· Akermanite is a common mineral found in steel slag from the production of carbon and stainless steel (Tossavainen et al., 2006, Engström et al., 2010). The crystal structure of akermanite is known to be tetragonal-scalenohedral (, 2012).
· Physical properties of BF slag. BF slag is tapped from the furnace as a liquid, which contains gases held in solution. The density of liquid slag at around 1450 deg C can vary in a range of 2.68 tons/cum to 2.84 tons/cum. The volume of gases (carbon di oxide, nitrogen, and oxygen) dissolved in 1 cubic metre of liquid BF gas at around 1500 deg C ...
· This process allows for the easy formation of a high-melting-point mineral phase during centrifugal cooling of the blast-furnace slag to form slag wool. The presence of this mineral phase influences the parameters of the slag wool, including fiber diameter, thermal conductivity, and stability, all of which affect the usage performance of slag-wool products.
Name: First described from samples of slags from furnace iron production found at 3 furnace localities: Hofors, Löfsjöen and Mölnbo, Sweden (Vogt 1884). Named by the Norwegian geologist, professor Johan Herman Lie Vogt (1858-1932) in honor of Anders Richard Åkerman (1837-1922), Swedish metallurgist. During his comprehensive study of the mineralogy ...
Considerably less slag is formed during speciality steel and ferrous alloy production. However, the amount of stainless steel slag, for example, still added up to 8.2 million tonnes in 2009.2,3 In the same year, the copper industry was responsible for 4,5
cation of the composition of slag, however, requires the application of a broad spectrum of complementary scientific methods. Besides the identification of phases using X-ray diffraction and using X-ray spectral microanalysis, one of the methods applied in mineralogical studies of slag …
52 formation. Furthermore, slag composite cements also contain more C-S-H phase, 53 which is responsible for the binding of about two-thirds of the chloride [14]. 54 Generally, the higher the level of slag replacement, the higher the chloride binding
Fiber production from inorganic industrial solid wastes is an effective waste management strategy. Because of cost considerations, most enterprises generally use local solid wastes as raw materials to produce fibers. In this study, we explored the feasibility of ...
M.L. Öveçoǧlu, Microstructural characterization and physical properties of a slag-based glass-ceramic crystallized at 950 and 1100 c, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 18, 2, (161), (1998).
Modern direct reduction processes of high-grade iron ores or concentrates with hydro- gen and carbon monoxide take place at temperatures that are below the melting points of iron and slag that are formed in standard processes. These processes take place between 800 and 1000°C. The products of …
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